Hyperglycemic Crisis: Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome

This lesson provides an in-depth overview of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, classification, and management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS). There is a focus on evidence-based treatment recommendations and pharmacotherapy considerations for pharmacists.

Objectives:

1. Identify the pathophysiology, precipitating factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, classification, and complications of DKA and HHS.
2. Apply evidence-based recommendations to evaluate and manage fluid status, electrolyte abnormalities, and insulin therapy in patients with DKA or HHS.
3. Develop discharge plans for patients with DKA or HHS that include diabetes education, follow-up care, and sick day management to prevent recurrence.