Introduction

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), encompassing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Hospital-associated VTE affects over 900,000 patients annually in the United States. As clinical pharmacists on multidisciplinary teams, our role is crucial in appropriate VTE prophylaxis and treatment. This chapter will provide an overview of DVT clinical presentation, risk assessment, and prophylaxis options in various patient populations. Recent controversies include optimal agents and duration of prophylaxis. Landmark trials have expanded options to include direct oral anticoagulants for extended VTE treatment. Appropriate VTE prophylaxis remains a crucial aspect of care to reduce preventable harm from this disease.