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Pharmacy & Acute Care University
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Neurology 111

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  1. Hemorrhagic Stroke
    9 Topics
    |
    2 Quizzes
  2. Status Epilepticus
    10 Topics
    |
    2 Quizzes
  3. Myasthenia Gravis Exacerbation
    9 Topics
    |
    2 Quizzes
  4. Parkinson's Disease
    11 Topics
    |
    2 Quizzes
  5. Traumatic brain injury
    9 Topics
    |
    2 Quizzes
  6. Epilepsy
    9 Topics
    |
    2 Quizzes

Participants 396

  • Allison Clemens
  • April
  • ababaabhay
  • achoi2392
  • adhoward1
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Neurology 111 Hemorrhagic Stroke Summary and References
Lesson 1, Topic 9
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Summary and References

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Hemorrhagic stroke is a critical condition that requires prompt and comprehensive management. Clinical pharmacists play a crucial role in optimizing patient outcomes through their involvement in the pharmacotherapy and overall care of patients with hemorrhagic stroke.

The clinical presentation of hemorrhagic stroke is characterized by sudden and severe symptoms, including headaches, decreased level of consciousness, and focal neurologic deficits. Risk factors such as hypertension, age, and history of hemorrhagic stroke contribute to the development of this condition.

The diagnostic approach to hemorrhagic stroke involves clinical assessment, imaging studies (such as non-contrast CT scan and CTA), and laboratory investigations. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for timely intervention and determining the underlying cause of the hemorrhage.

Management strategies for hemorrhagic stroke focus on stabilizing the patient, controlling blood pressure, preventing complications, and managing underlying conditions. Pharmacotherapy plays a significant role in achieving these goals, including antihypertensive agents for blood pressure control, antiepileptic drugs for seizure prophylaxis, and thromboembolic prophylaxis to prevent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.

References

  • Greenberg SM, Ziai WC, Cordonnier C, Dowlatshahi D, Francis B, Goldstein JN, Hemphill JC 3rd, Johnson R, Keigher KM, Mack WJ, Mocco J, Newton EJ, Ruff IM, Sansing LH, Schulman S, Selim MH, Sheth KN, Sprigg N, Sunnerhagen KS; American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. 2022 Guideline for the Management of Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2022 Jul;53(7):e282-e361. doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000407. Epub 2022 May 17. PMID: 35579034.
  • Qureshi AI, Tuhrim S, Broderick JP, Batjer HH, Hondo H, Hanley DF. Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(19):1450-1460.
  • Hemphill JC 3rd, Greenberg SM, Anderson CS, et al. Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2015;46(7):2032-2060.
  • van Asch CJ, Luitse MJ, Rinkel GJ, van der Tweel I, Algra A, Klijn CJ. Incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage over time, according to age, sex, and ethnic origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(2):167-176.
  • Hemphill JC 3rd, Bonovich DC, Besmertis L, Manley GT, Johnston SC. The ICH score: a simple, reliable grading scale for intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2001;32(4):891-897.
  • Mendelow AD, Gregson BA, Fernandes HM, et al. Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haematomas in the International Surgical Trial in Intracerebral Haemorrhage (STICH): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2005;365(9457):387-397.
  • Broderick JP, Brott TG, Duldner JE, Tomsick T, Huster G. Volume of intracerebral hemorrhage. A powerful and easy-to-use predictor of 30-day mortality. Stroke. 1993;24(7):987-993.
  • Sacco S, Marini C, Toni D, Olivieri L, Carolei A. Incidence and 10-year survival of intracerebral hemorrhage in a population-based registry. Stroke. 2009;40(2):394-399.
  • Morgenstern LB, Hemphill JC 3rd, Anderson C, et al. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2010;41(9):2108-2129.
  • Keep RF, Hua Y, Xi G. Intracerebral haemorrhage: mechanisms of injury and therapeutic targets. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11(8):720-731.
  • Brouwers HB, Greenberg SM. Hematoma expansion following acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2013;35(3):195-201.
  • Steiner T, Al-Shahi Salman R, Beer R, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Int J Stroke. 2014;9(7):840-855.
  • Qureshi AI, Mendelow AD, Hanley DF. Intracerebral haemorrhage. Lancet. 2009;373(9675):1632-1644.