Management – Overview
Treatment of RSV bronchiolitis is primarily supportive, consisting of oxygen supplementation for hypoxemia, hydration, gentle suctioning of secretions, and gentle ventilation if needed. Bronchodilators offer little proven benefit and are not routinely recommended. Ribavirin also lacks proven efficacy and is not used routinely. Immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab reduces complications in high-risk infants. Inhaled or oral steroids provide little benefit and prolong viral shedding. Antibiotics do not treat RSV but may be indicated for secondary bacterial infections. Preventing nosocomial spread is crucial, using contact and droplet precautions. Routine use of bronchodilators and corticosteroids should be avoided, as they provide little benefit. For most healthy infants, supportive care remains the mainstay of RSV bronchiolitis treatment.