Introduction

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when an external force causes damage to the brain, resulting in impairments in cognitive, physical, emotional, or behavioral functions. Depending on the severity of the injury, TBI can be classified into mild, moderate, or severe categories. Mild TBI is characterized by a brief loss of consciousness or confusion, while moderate to severe TBI involves prolonged or persistent loss of consciousness, coma, or post-traumatic amnesia.