Introduction

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, marked by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and characterized by motor symptoms like bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. It affects about 1% of the population over 65 years and shows a male predominance, possibly due to genetic and environmental factors. The disease also manifests non-motor symptoms, which often precede motor symptoms and become more problematic as the disease progresses. The treatment of PD remains focused on symptomatic relief, as no definitive disease-modifying therapy is currently available​​​​.

Pharmacist’s Role in Management

The role of pharmacists in managing Parkinson’s Disease is critical, particularly in optimizing pharmacological therapy, educating patients, monitoring therapy outcomes, and addressing non-motor symptoms. Pharmacists also play a key role in managing drug-related problems and ensuring adherence to therapy.

Recent Advancements and Controversies

In recent years, there have been advancements in understanding the genetic basis of PD, with specific genes like PARK2, LRRK2, SNCA, and others being implicated in its pathogenesis. This has opened new avenues for research into targeted therapies. However, a definitive cure remains elusive, and current therapies mainly aim at symptom control. The challenge of differentiating PD from other parkinsonian syndromes and the limited response of non-motor symptoms to dopamine therapy continue to be areas of research and clinical focus​​.