Pediatric respiratory syncytial virus rehospitalization rate a retrospective observational study from Switzerland

A 10-month-old male infant born prematurely at 34 weeks gestation was hospitalized for severe RSV bronchiolitis during the current RSV season. He has a history of mild bronchopulmonary dysplasia and is currently on supplemental oxygen at home. The infant’s parents inquire about the need for an additional dose of monoclonal antibody prophylaxis to prevent RSV rehospitalization within the same season.

Based on the findings from the Swiss retrospective study on RSV rehospitalization, what is the most appropriate pharmacist recommendation regarding the administration of a second dose of monoclonal antibody for same-season RSV prevention in this patient?

Recommend routine administration of a second monoclonal antibody dose to all infants hospitalized for RSV to prevent same-season rehospitalization.
Advise that same-season RSV rehospitalization is exceedingly rare and routine secondary prophylaxis with monoclonal antibodies is generally not warranted, but emphasize adherence to primary prophylaxis guidelines for high-risk infants.
Suggest delaying any monoclonal antibody administration until the next RSV season regardless of risk factors.
Recommend monoclonal antibody prophylaxis only if the infant develops symptoms of RSV reinfection within the same season.

A 3-year-old female child with a history of congenital heart disease and previous hospitalization for RSV bronchiolitis at 6 months of age presents for a routine medication review. Her parents are concerned about her risk of future RSV-related hospitalizations and ask about preventive strategies.

Which of the following statements best reflects the risk factors for RSV rehospitalization identified in the Swiss study and the implications for pharmacist counseling?

RSV rehospitalization rates are high in all children under 5 years, regardless of underlying conditions, so universal secondary prophylaxis is recommended.
Children with pre-existing conditions and prematurity constitute the majority of RSV rehospitalizations, indicating targeted prophylaxis and monitoring are appropriate for these high-risk groups.
Prematurity alone does not increase RSV rehospitalization risk; only children with chronic lung disease are at risk.
RSV rehospitalization risk is negligible after the first year of life, so no further preventive measures are necessary beyond infancy.

A 2-year-old boy with a history of RSV hospitalization at 8 months is readmitted for RSV infection during a subsequent RSV season. The healthcare team asks the pharmacist about expected clinical outcomes and length of stay compared to the initial hospitalization.

According to the retrospective study from Switzerland, what is the expected difference in length of hospital stay (LoS) for RSV rehospitalizations compared to first hospitalizations, and how should this inform pharmacist communication with the clinical team?

RSV rehospitalizations have a significantly longer LoS than first hospitalizations, indicating more severe disease on readmission.
RSV rehospitalizations have a significantly shorter LoS (median 4 days) compared to first hospitalizations (median 6 days), suggesting less severe illness on readmission.
There is no significant difference in LoS between first and subsequent RSV hospitalizations.
LoS data are inconclusive; pharmacists should not comment on expected hospital stay durations.

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