High-Impact Studies Review — May 2025

Stay updated with breakthrough research in emergency medicine, critical care, and advanced therapeutics.

Featured Educational Video

In this high-impact episode of PACUPod, we break down five critical studies reshaping emergency and critical care. From the ripple effects of the 2024 IV fluid shortage on ED operations to the potential of Nirsevimab in reducing pediatric ICU admissions, we dive deep into how the latest data is influencing frontline practice. We also explore compelling evidence for rescue ketamine in prehospital status epilepticus, the role of prothrombin complex concentrate for anticoagulated patients with mild TBI, and new insights into arginine vasopressin’s hemodynamic effects in septic shock. Whether you're on shift or between cases, this is your evidence-based update—fast, focused, and clinically relevant.

1. The Impact of the 2024 Intravenous Fluid Shortage on Emergency Department Length of Stay and 72-Hour Return Rate

Critical Care Medicine | 2025

This study examines the consequences of the 2024 intravenous (IV) fluid shortage on emergency department (ED) operations, focusing on patient length of stay and 72-hour return rates.

Key Findings

Increased ED Length of Stay: Patients experienced longer stays due to fluid shortages.
Higher 72-Hour Return Rates: More patients returned to the ED within 72 hours, indicating unresolved symptoms.
Critical Impact on Supply Chain Management: Highlights the need for robust inventory management strategies.

Clinical Pharmacist's Perspective

Support proactive supply chain management and optimize fluid therapy to prevent adverse patient outcomes during shortages.

Full Article

2. Nirsevimab Prophylaxis on Pediatric Intensive Care Hospitalization for Severe Acute Bronchiolitis

Annals of Intensive Care | 2025

This study evaluates the impact of administering Nirsevimab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), as a prophylactic treatment in neonates.

Key Findings

Reduced PICU Admissions: Nirsevimab significantly lowered the rate of PICU admissions for severe bronchiolitis.
Cost-Effective Prophylaxis: Reduced healthcare costs due to lower PICU utilization.
Safe Administration: Minimal adverse effects observed, making it a safe option for prophylaxis.

Clinical Pharmacist's Perspective

Ensure appropriate use of Nirsevimab, monitor for adverse effects, and educate caregivers on RSV prevention to optimize outcomes.

Full Article

3. Evidence Mounts Backing Rescue Ketamine for Prehospital Status Epilepticus

ACEP Now | 2025

This article highlights the use of ketamine as a rescue therapy for midazolam-resistant status epilepticus in prehospital settings.

Key Findings

Effective Seizure Control: Ketamine provided rapid seizure control when midazolam failed.
Multiple Administration Routes: Ketamine was effective via IV, IO, IM, or IN routes.

Clinical Pharmacist's Perspective

Ketamine is considered an essential option for rescue therapy in benzodiazepine-resistant status epilepticus, offering rapid seizure control.

Full Article

4. Systematic Vitamin K Antagonist Reversal with Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

European Journal of Emergency Medicine | 2025

This study examines the impact of using 4F-PCC for rapid reversal of VKAs in patients with mild TBI, reducing hemorrhage progression.

Key Findings

Reduced Hemorrhage Progression: 4F-PCC minimized intracranial bleeding risks.
Improved Recovery: Patients showed better outcomes with rapid VKA reversal.

Clinical Pharmacist's Perspective

4F-PCC is crucial for rapid VKA reversal in TBI patients, ensuring effective hemostasis and better recovery.

Full Article

5. Hemodynamic Effects of Adjunct Arginine Vasopressin to Norepinephrine in Septic Shock

Annals of Intensive Care | 2025

This study investigates the hemodynamic effects of adjunctive arginine vasopressin to norepinephrine in septic shock, identifying factors associated with patient response.

Key Findings

79% Response Rate: Patients showed significant hemodynamic improvement with AVP.
Negative Predictors: Obesity and hyperlactatemia were linked to reduced response.
Positive Predictors: Higher norepinephrine infusion rates correlated with better response.

Clinical Pharmacist's Perspective

AVP is a valuable adjunct in septic shock, but response may vary. Pharmacists should evaluate patient factors to optimize therapy.

Full Article

🔎 Final Takeaways:

IV Fluid Shortage: Highlights the need for proactive inventory management to prevent care disruptions in emergencies.
Nirsevimab Prophylaxis: Demonstrates reduced PICU admissions and cost-effectiveness for severe bronchiolitis prevention.
Rescue Ketamine: Provides effective seizure control for midazolam-resistant status epilepticus in prehospital settings.
VKA Reversal with 4F-PCC: Ensures rapid reversal of anticoagulation in mild TBI, reducing hemorrhage risks.
AVP in Septic Shock: Effective in improving hemodynamics, but patient response varies based on specific factors.