GUIDELINES
PRIMARY LITERATURE
- Bowers KJ, McAllister KB, Ray M, Heitz C. Ketamine as an Adjunct to Opioids for Acute Pain in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Acad Emerg Med. 2017;24(6):676-685.
- Ahern TL, Herring AA, Miller S, Frazee BW. Low-Dose Ketamine Infusion for Emergency Department Patients with Severe Pain. Pain Med. 2015;16(7):1402-1409.
- Miller JP, Schauer SG, Ganem VJ, Bebarta VS. Low-dose ketamine vs morphine for acute pain in the ED: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2015;33(3):402-408.
- Dove D, Fassassi C, Davis A, Drapkin J, Butt M, Hossain R, Kabariti S, Likourezos A, Gohel A, Favale P, Silver M, Marshall J, Motov S. Comparison of Nebulized Ketamine at Three Different Dosing Regimens for Treating Painful Conditions in the Emergency Department: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2021 Dec;78(6):779-787.
- Lumanauw DD, Youn S, Horeczko T, Yadav K, Tanen DA. Subdissociative-dose Ketamine Is Effective for Treating Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Pain. Acad Emerg Med. 2019 Sep;26(9):1044-1051.
Dosing
- Lovett S, Reed T, Riggs R, et al. A Randomized, Noninferiority, Controlled Trial of Two Doses of Intravenous Subdissociative Ketamine for Analgesia in the Emergency Department. Acad Emerg Med. 2021;28(6):647-654.
- Beaudoin FL, Lin C, Guan W, Merchant RC. Low-dose ketamine improves pain relief in patients receiving intravenous opioids for acute pain in the emergency department: results of a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Acad Emerg Med. 2014;21(11):1193-1202.
Administration
- Motov S, Mai M, Pushkar I, et al. A Prospective Randomized, Double-Dummy Trial Comparing IV Push Low Dose Ketamine to Short Infusion of Low Dose Ketamine for Treatment of Pain in the ED. Am J Emerg Med. 2017;35(8):1095-1100.
- Dove D, Fassassi C, Davis A, et al. Comparison of Nebulized Ketamine at Three Different Dosing Regimens for Treating Painful Conditions in the Emergency Department: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2021;78(6):779-787.
- Andolfatto G, Willman E, Joo D, et al. Intranasal ketamine for analgesia in the emergency department: a prospective observational series. Acad Emerg Med. 2013;20(10):1050-1054.
Pediatrics
- Frey TM, Florin TA, Caruso M, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Mittiga MR. Effect Of Intranasal Ketamine vs Fentanyl on Pain Reduction for Extremity Injuries in Children: The PRIME Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(2):140-146.
- Graudins A, Meek R, Egerton-Warburton D, Oakley E, Seith R. The PICHFORK (Pain in Children Fentanyl or Ketamine) trial: a randomized controlled trial comparing intranasal ketamine and fentanyl for the relief of moderate to severe pain in children with limb injuries. Ann Emerg Med. 2015 Mar;65(3):248-254.e1.
Pre-Hospital
REVIEW ARTICLES
- Seak YS, Nor J, Tuan Kamauzaman TH, Arithra A, Islam MA. Efficacy and Safety of Intranasal Ketamine for Acute Pain Management in the Emergency Setting: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2021;10(17):3978.
- Pourmand A, Mazer-Amirshahi M, Royall C, Alhawas R, Shesser R. Low Dose Ketamine Use in the Emergency Department, a New Direction In Pain Management. Am J Emerg Med. 2017;35(6):918-921.
- Lee EN, Lee JH. The Effects of Low-Dose Ketamine on Acute Pain in an Emergency Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11(10):e0165461.
BLOGS/PODCASTS
- EM Ottawa Podcast: Update from the K-Hole: Ketamine in the ED
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis Department of Emergency Medicine: Ketamine Analgesia for Acute Pain in the Emergency Department
- emDocs: Ketamine for Analgesia in the ED
- Brown Emergency Medicine: AEM Early Access 02: Ketamine for Acute Pain in the ED
- PEM Currents: The Pediatric Emergency Medicine Podcast- Intranasal Ketamine
